Clinical picture and EEG characteristics in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
Keywords:
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, epileptic encephalopathy, tonic seizures, cognitive regressionAbstract
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe epileptic encephalopathy, characterized by multiple seizure types, cognitive deficit, interictal EEG showing bursts of slow spike-wave complexes during wakefulness and fast activity during sleep.
The main seizure types are tonic, atonic seizures and atypical absences, myoclonic, focal and generalized tonic-clonic seizures are other potential seizure types. Cognitive deficit is described in 20-60% of the children initially and within 5 years 75-95% of the patients show deterioration of psychomotor function. Some of the patients experience behavioral changes and psychiatric symptomatology. There is not a significant difference between symptomatic and cryptogenic cases as far as seizure frequency, seizure types, EEG and treatment results are concerned. LGS is one of the most difficult to treat epileptic syndromes, characterized by a significant therapeutic resistance.
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